2B+Physics

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= Heating and cooling =

· describe and explain matter as a collection of atoms · describe and explain the kinetic theory of matter and apply it to explain properties of matter and changes of state · distinguish between temperature, internal energy and heat · describe and explain effects of heat: thermal expansion and contraction · describe and explain effects of heat: change of temperature and specific heat capacity—this will include //applying the relationship//: · describe and explain effects of heat: change of state and latent heat—this will include //applying the relationship//: · describe and explain sources of heat, modes of heat transfer—conduction, convection and radiation and their applications · describe and explain the conversion of different forms of energy into heat—energy degradation, and its relationship to conservation of energy.

= Electrical fundamentals =

· explain that atoms can gain or lose electrons so gaining a net charge, and state that like charges repel and unlike charges attract · explain and apply the concept of ‘electric current’ as the rate of flow of electric charge in an electric field—this will include //applying the relationship//: · state that the direction of conventional current is that in which the flow of positive charge takes place, while the electron flow is in the opposite direction · explain using electric fields the connection between electrical work, charge and potential difference—this will include //applying the relationships// //of electrical work and power// · draw and interpret simple circuit diagrams including the use of standard symbols for resistor (fixed and variable), light bulb, switch, ammeter, voltmeter, dry cell and power supply · understand and apply the concepts of electrical current, potential difference and resistance in series and parallel circuits · explain and apply Ohm’s law and the concepts of ohmic and non-ohmic conduction—this will include //applying the relationship:// · // determine the total resistance of a number of resistors in series using: // · // determine the total resistance of a number of resistors in parallel using: // · connect components in simple circuits and measure, //or predict and verify values of current and potential difference// using ammeters and voltmeters · identify energy transfers in electrical circuits and devices · describe the cause of electric shock and identify hazardous situations and safety precautions in everyday uses of electrical energy · explain the electrical principles behind the operation of various safety devices.